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Showing posts with label decades. Show all posts
Showing posts with label decades. Show all posts

Tuesday, April 29, 2014

Frost nova within the Great Ponds: Ponds nearly frozen completely for brand spanking new in two decades

Lake Superior is much more than 90 % iced over, and experts say there is a possibility it will likely be covered completely before winter's finish the very first time in nearly two decades. Someone has suggested a hike across Lake Michigan, and Lake Huron and Lake Erie are 95 % frozen.

But even without 100 % ice cover, the icy ponds are getting a significant impact on the atmosphere around them.

"The greatest impact we'll see is shutting lower the river effect snow," stated Guy Meadows, director of Michigan Technological University's Great Ponds Research Center in Houghton, on Michigan's snowy Upper Peninsula. Lake effect snow happens when weather systems in the north and west get evaporating lake water that's warmer compared to air, then drop it as being snow after reaching land, he described. An ice cover prevents that evaporation.

Ice around the Great Ponds may also lead to more frigid temps, Meadows noted, since the warmer lake water will not have the opportunity to moderate the temps of individuals same northerly weather systems the actual way it usually does.

If there the elements is cold and calm, the ice can grow fairly rapidly, since the temperature of water is close to the freezing point. However, strong winds can split up ice that's already created, pushing it into open water and piling it up and down both above and underneath the tube.

The Soo Tresses are presently closed for that winter, and all sorts of shipping on Lake Superior has stopped, but ice buildups can cause issues in the spring. Even icebreaker ships can't do much about ice buildup that may be around 25 or 30 ft deep..

The ice may also have results though. Lake Superior's whitefish plus some other seafood, for instance, need ice cover to safeguard their breeding beds from winter storms. Heavy ice, therefore, should result in good fishing.

Meadows stated invasive nuisance species happen to be thriving at the end of Lake Superior recently largely due to warmer temps, so "cooling things down again is a positive thing for the reason that sense."

Cite This Site:

Michigan Technological College. "Frost nova within the Great Ponds: Ponds nearly frozen completely for brand spanking new in two decades.Inch ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 19 Feb 2014. .Michigan Technological College. (2014, Feb 19). Frost nova within the Great Ponds: Ponds nearly frozen completely for brand spanking new in two decades. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 4, 2014 from world wide web.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140219075111.htmMichigan Technological College. "Frost nova within the Great Ponds: Ponds nearly frozen completely for brand spanking new in two decades.Inch ScienceDaily. world wide web.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140219075111.htm (utilized April 4, 2014).

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Monday, December 9, 2013

Deep sea ecosystem may take decades to recover from Deepwater Horizon spill

Media ContactNOAA
Ben Sherman
202-253-5256
Keeley Belva
301-713-3066 Texas A&M University Corpus Christi
Cindy McCarrier, 3618252336/
3168710837,

Gloria Gallardo, 361.825.2427 or 361.331.5093 (cell);

Cassandra Hinojosa, 361.825.2337 or 361.658.5829 (cell)

University of Nevada, Reno,
Mike Wolterbee
7757844547
September 24, 2013

Retrieving Sample Cylinders into Gulf - Multicorer sampling operation aboard the RV Gyre.

Retrieving Sample Cylinders into Gulf - Multicorer sampling operation aboard the RV Gyre.

(Credit - with permission from: Texas A&M-University Corpus Christi, Sandra Arismendez.)

The deep­sea soft-sediment ecosystem in the immediate area of the 2010’s Deepwater Horizon well head blowout and subsequent oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico will likely take decades to recover from the spill’s impacts, according to a scientific paper reported in the online
scientific journal PLoS One.

The paper is the first to give comprehensive results of the spill’s effect on deep­water
communities at the base of the Gulf’s food chain, in its soft­bottom muddy habitats, specifically
looking at biological composition and chemicals at the same time at the same location.

“This is not yet a complete picture,” said Cynthia Cooksey, NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal
Ocean Science lead scientist for the spring 2011 cruise to collect additional data from the sites
sampled in fall 2010. “We are now in the process of analyzing data collected from a subsequent
cruise in the spring of 2011. Those data will not be available for another year, but will also
inform how we look at conditions over time.”

“As the principal investigators, we were tasked with determining what impacts might have occurred to the sea floor from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill,” said Paul Montagna, Ph.D., Endowed Chair for Ecosystems and Modeling at the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University­Corpus Christi. “We developed an innovative approach to combine tried and true classical statistical techniques with state of the art mapping technologies to create a map of the footprint of the oil spill.”

Sample Cylinders into Gulf - Multicorer sampling operation in Gulf of Mexico on the RV Gyre.

Sample Cylinders into Gulf - Multicorer sampling operation in Gulf of Mexico on the RV Gyre.

(Credit - with permission from: Texas A&M-University Corpus Christi, Sandra Arismendez.)

“Normally, when we investigate offshore drilling sites, we find pollution within 300 to 600 yards
from the site,” said Montagna. “This time it was nearly two miles from the wellhead, with identifiable impacts more than ten miles away. The effect on bottom of the vast underwater plume is something, which until now, no one was able to map. This study shows the devastating effect the spill had on the sea floor itself, and demonstrates the damage to important natural resources.”

“The tremendous biodiversity of meiofauna in the deep­sea area of the Gulf of Mexico we studied has been reduced dramatically,” said Jeff Baguley, Ph.D., University of Nevada, Reno expert on meiofauna, small invertebrates that range in size from 0.042 to 0.300 millimeters in size that live in both marine and fresh water. “Nematode worms have become the dominant group at sites we sampled that were impacted by the oil. So though the overall number of meiofauna may not have changed much, it’s that we’ve lost the incredible biodiversity.”

The oil spill and plume covered almost 360 square miles with the most severe reduction of
biological abundance and biodiversity impacting an area about 9 square miles around the wellhead, and moderate effects seen 57 square miles around the wellhead.

The research team, which included members from University of Nevada,Reno, Texas A&M University­Corpus Christi, NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science and representatives from BP, is conducting the research for the Technical Working Group of the NOAA­directed Natural Resource Damage Assessment.

Processing Core Sample Cylinder from Gulf - Rick Kalke Harte Research Institute processing multicorer sediment sample aboard the RV Gyre.

Processing Core Sample Cylinder from Gulf - Rick Kalke Harte Research Institute processing multicorer sediment sample aboard the RV Gyre.

(Credit - with permission from: Texas A&M-University Corpus Christi, Sandra Arismendez.)

Others working on the study with Montagna, Baguley, and Cooksey were NOAA scientists, Ian
Hartwell and Jeffrey Hyland.

The PLoS One paper can be found online.

# # #

About HRI: The Harte Research Institute (HRI), an endowed research component of Texas A&M
University­Corpus Christi, is dedicated to advancing the long­term sustainable use and conservation
of the Gulf of Mexico. Expertise at the HRI includes the integration of social and natural
sciences, including policy, economics, ecosystems, fisheries, biodiversity and conservation, and
geospatial science. The HRI is made possible by an endowment from the Ed Harte family. For more
information, go to harteresearchinstitute.org and hrif.org.

About UNR: Founded in 1874 as Nevada’s land­grant university, the University of Nevada, Reno ranks
in the top tier of best national universities. With more than 18,000 students, the University
is driven to contribute a culture of student success, world­improving research and outreach that
enhances communities and business. Part of the Nevada System of Higher Education, the University
has the system’s largest research program and is home to the state’s medical school. With outreach
and education programs in all Nevada counties and home to one of the largest study­abroad
consortiums, the University extends across the state and around the world.

About NOAA’s NCCOS: NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science is the coastal science
office for NOAA’s National Ocean Service. Visit the NCCOS website or follow our blog to
learn more about our research.

NOAA’s mission is to understand and predict changes in the Earth's environment, from the depths of the ocean to the surface of the sun, and to conserve and manage our coastal and marine resources. Join us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and our other social media channels.


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Thursday, June 2, 2011

Officials: Mont. floods could be worst in decades (AP)

ROUNDUP, Mont. – Another Montana town Thursday was swamped with floodwaters that have washed out roads and rushed though houses across the state, and hundreds more homes downstream in the Dakotas could be hit as heavy rains and melting snow force record releases from bloated dams on the Missouri River.

Ongoing flooding in beleaguered Montana could end up being the worst in decades, officials warned.

The conditions are ripe: unusually heavy snowpack in the mountains, persistent spring rains and waterlogged ground incapable of soaking up any more moisture.

The U.S. Geological Survey said Thursday it was measuring record flows in many rivers and streams, topped by the larger Yellowstone and Musselshell rivers.

"These are major floods, and we know that people's lives could potentially be at risk," said John Kilpatrick, the agency's Montana water science center director.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers predicted hundreds of homes in downstream states could flood as the water flows eastward toward North Dakota. The problem could persist into July in the Dakotas, Iowa, Nebraska and elsewhere.

The agency was being forced to plan for record releases of water to relieve reservoirs nearing the top of the six big dams that contain the Missouri River, a river that ultimately collects much of the water in the region.

In Bismarck, N.D., residents were being told to prepare to leave their homes if necessary as the Army Corps of Engineers readied to dump more water than predicted from the Garrison Dam. Animals at the Dakota Zoo were being evacuated Thursday to other zoos in the Dakotas, and the National Guard was beefing up its presence with hundreds more soldiers.

South Dakota also braced for floods. Officials warned that 100 to 150 homes in Pierre and another 200 in Fort Pierre would be hit by flood waters or underground water seeping through basement floors. Residents were moving furniture and other possessions to safe havens and trying to protect homes with sandbags.

"It's unreal," said Lahnee Martin, 22, who was piling sandbags around the Fort Pierre house she just bought a year ago. "It's hard to believe it's going to happen."

In Montana, more roads and highways were being closed Thursday and three more counties declared flood emergencies as dozens of rivers and streams overflowed their banks. Interstate 90 east of Bozeman was reduced to one lane of travel, and only one route to the central Montana town of Roundup remained open.

Roundup was the latest victim of the ongoing flooding, as up to 6 feet of water coursed through the mining and agricultural town of about 1,800 and forced the evacuation of roughly three dozen homes. State officials were sending cots and bottled water to help.

"There's never been water like this since we've been here," said 88-year-old Dan McCaffree, a retired mechanic and rancher.

A dike along the river's north bank gave way in the middle of the night, residents said, sending the river surging through the southern part of the town. The dike was built following a 1967 flood but couldn't handle a river bursting with 13 times more water than normally seen this time of year.

Oil drums, gas cans, a telephone pole and trees were in the water floating through residential areas and swamping vehicles.

The river was expected to crest between Friday and Sunday, authorities said. Thirty to 35 homes were evacuated.

More rain was forecast through the weekend as flood emergencies were announced in Jefferson, Sanders and Musselshell counties. Musselshell County residents were urged to conserve water Thursday morning until emergency services could get an update on the situation.

Relief officials said drinking water, diapers and formula for infants will be distributed over the next two days on the Crow Reservation, where dozens of families were left homeless by earlier flooding from the Little Bighorn River. Floodwaters have retreated on the reservation, but problems persist.

Albert Richmond, a National Weather Service meteorologist, says another "fairly big storm" is expected to move through the area Sunday night into Monday, bringing 2 to 4 inches of rain.

"It's not going to help," he said. "A lot of the rivers and creeks will be going down Saturday and Sunday, but they can come back pretty quick."

On Thursday, residents and officials in Carbon, Yellowstone and Big Horn counties continued to pump water from hundreds of flooded basements. The Office of Public Assistance in Yellowstone County was closed for at least two days after it flooded.

By Thursday afternoon, about 300 people were staying at a Red Cross Shelter set up in a residence hall at the Montana State University-Billings campus.

University spokesman Dan Carter said most of the evacuees — ranging from infants to the elderly — came from the Crow Reservation.

Along the Yellowstone River, Pompey's Pillar National Monument east of Billings was closed due to flood concerns. It was expected to reopen Friday.

In the small town of Joliet, southwest of Billings, authorities said they have been unable to break up debris trapped beneath a bridge along Rock Creek that has contributed to flooding. An estimated 160 homes had their basements or lower levels flooded when the creek rushed through town Wednesday.

"They have to wait to get that debris out until the water goes down," said Joliet volunteer fire chief Melvin Hoferer. "If we get some heavy rains, it would be a lot longer. It might be three or four more days."

In central Montana, the Petroleum County drinking water system was being threatened by rising waters.

At least 17 county roads were closed in Judith Basin County and many more in Petroleum County.

In western Montana, the National Weather Service reports water levels have reached flood stage in southeastern Missoula and Granite County. The service predicts water levels will rise above flood stage by Thursday afternoon and could continue to swell.

___

Associated Press writers Stephen Dockery in Helena and Chet Brokaw in Pierre, S.D., contributed to this report.


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